Tuesday, December 31, 2019

An Interpretation Of The Fourteenth Amendment - 1711 Words

The 13th *Provides us with an interpretation of the 13th amendment. -13th amendment basically abolished slavery *Conveys to us what the Prison Industrial Complex is -â€Å"is a term used to describe the overlapping interests of government and industry that use surveillance, policing and imprisonment as solutions to economic, social and political problems† (http://www.prisonabolition.org/what-is-the-prison-industrial-complex/) *Throughout the film DuVernay maps the journey of African Americans as they endured slavery, segregation, then integration, and finally societal oppression; how they went from slavery to mass incarceration. She uses the aesthetics of sound, and lighting which are important contributors to the themes of bondage and inequality. Slavery was our country’s old economic system, therefore, when he 13th amendment freed these people, how were they supposed to rebuild their economy. People who are locked up in prison often provide the system with an extremely cheap source of labor. Furthermore, those in prison are suavely people who come from poor or low income families. Yet, they are charged high rates when talking to family members in prison. In some places, one must work and hour and a half making minimum wage in order to have a simple 10 minute phone call with someone in prison. Additionally, politicians throughout the 80’s and 90’s played a crucial role in the development of the system which exists today. Richard Nixon’s â€Å"war on drugs† is when we beganShow MoreRelated Abortion and the Privacy Amendment Essay795 Words   |  4 Pages Abortion and the Privacy Amendment nbsp; A U.S. citizens right to privacy was first discussed in an 1890 Harvard Law Review article in which two Boston lawyers, Louis Brandeis and Samuel Warren, defined it as the right to be let alone. Since then, the right to privacy has provided the basis for a stream of revolutionary and controversial constitutional interpretations by courts across the United States, culminating in the U.S. Supreme Courts Roe v. Wade decision in 1973. Although decisionsRead MoreThe Constitutional Rights Of The United States977 Words   |  4 Pagestwenty-eighth amendment, that if ratified to the U.S. Constitution would take the constitutional rights away from all artificial entities such as corporations, and limit all campaign expenditures including the candidate s own contributions and expenditures. The Supreme Court has ruled on multiple occasions that according to the fourteenth amendment corporations are individuals that have constitutional rights. If corporations have the same rights as individual s, then under the first amendment they haveRead More 14th Amendment -EQUAL PROTECTION UNDER THE LAW Essay939 Words   |  4 Pagesserve its constituents better. The most powerful constitutional act towards equality would come with the fourteenth amendment. This amendment permanently changed constitutional law by empowering the Federal government’s jurisdiction to include local and state governments which would be required to abide by new standards of civil rights and privileges. In 1791, the states ratified ten amendments to the United States Constitution. These became known as the Bill of Rights, a cornerstone in providingRead MoreThe Importance of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifthteenth Amendendments1493 Words   |  6 PagesThe Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments of The United States Constitution were important for implementing a total reconstruction of America and the blessings of of liberty to everyone that lived within the borders or our country. These ideas of equality would be reached out to the entire population including but not limited to slaves and their descendants and all American Citizens. These Amendments were especially important to African Americans and minorities who were the main victimsRead MoreOrigins Of The United States1260 Words   |  6 Pagesthem an ideological perspective whether be it conservative or liberal of their view of the interpretation of the Constitution.1 With that ideology comes their application o f the law with respect to the myriad and complexity of cases that are heard before the Court. Two such cases in which there was witnessed a distinct ideological change in the opinion of the Supreme Court with respect to the Sixth Amendment include Betts v. Brady (1942) and Gideon v. Wainwright (1963).2 These two cases ponderedRead MoreModern Applications Of Bill Of Rights1337 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Constitution. Framers, fearful of large centralized government, wrote the Bill of Rights as protection against federal government and not state government. The adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment, however, blurred the lines of the Bill of Rights and the states. Through a narrow interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment’s Privileges and Immunity clause, slaughterhouses cases determined that individuals were not protected for state infringement and displaced the protection of individuals rightsRead MoreThe United States Constitution And Its Fundamental Laws1124 Words   |   5 Pagesthe laws are split up into amendments which clarify and secure our privileges. Among those decrees lies the Fourteenth Amendment: which is the most important, yet controversial, one of all. The Fourteenth Amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws. This amendment foresees what it means to be a United States citizen and the protection and rights you deserve from the government. Ironically, controversy and debate has surrounded this amendment; which was proposed to createRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights : Creation And Reconstruction1404 Words   |  6 Pageshis book titled The Bill of Rights: Creation and Reconstruction, Akhil Amar tries to offer the interpretation of the Bill Rights by evoking the world of framers of the constitution and that of the people who amended the constitution. According to Amar, there are numerous differences about the original bill of rights as they were originally framed and those that are contained in the Fourteenth Ame ndment of 1868. Amar tries to construct a theory of Bill of Rights that is comprehensive by focusing onRead MoreThe Amendment Of The Fourteenth Amendment1416 Words   |  6 PagesRepublican of Ohio had long been a believer in the idea of equal protection of the laws for all people, and was one of the leaders of the effort to pass the Fourteenth Amendment. While aware of the need to prove the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act with the Fourteenth Amendment, Bingham did not actually believe that the Fourteenth Amendment created any new rights. Rather, he believed that it created a new understanding of rights already in the Constitution. Bingham maintained that, â€Å"The†¦equalRead More The Bill of Rights Essay1288 Words   |  6 Pagesstates had ratified the Constitution. Six states, however, sent Congress proposals for amendments, modeled on their state constitutions and designed to protect individual rights. James Madison realized that the public desire for a Bill of Rights could not be ignored. In 1789, after reviewing the state proposed amendments and the state Bill of Rights to be considered by Congress, he proposed nine amendments to be considered by Congress for insertion into the text of the Constitution. After deliberation

Sunday, December 22, 2019

The Security Administration ( Tsa ) - 1133 Words

Following the terrorist attacks of 9/11, congress passed sweeping changes to the security of aviation and border protection in the United States. Three agencies were significantly impacted by these changes and the aftermath of 9/11: Transportation Security Administration (TSA), U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), and Federal Air Marshal (FAM). However, 14 years later is important to review the changes which were implemented by sweeping popularity following 9/11 and evaluate their effectiveness. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) was established by the Aviation and Security Act signed into law on November 19, 2001. The Aviation and Security Act required the TSA complete more than 30 mandates by the end of 2002. In March 2003, TSA was transferred to the newly established Department of Homeland Security from the Department of Transportation (Transportation Security Administration). As of 2014, the TSA has an annual budget of $7.9 Billion and employs 62,000 people. Ho wever, there is evidence that the TSA may not be effective based on the cost. George Leef, a Forbes contributor, cited a Government Accountability Office (GAO) regarding the Screening of Passengers by Observation Techniques (SPOT). The SPOT program relies on the premise that government observers in airports can detect individuals who are intent on terrorism based on behavioral clues. The report issued by the GAO states that it is ineffective they concluded: â€Å"The subjectivity of the SPOTShow MoreRelatedThe Security Administration ( Tsa )2210 Words   |  9 Pagesthe Transportation Security Administration (TSA), failed to detect banned weapons in 67 of 70 tests at dozens of airports. They also failed to detect mock explosives and weapons 95% of the time. (Gardian) In August of 2014, a woman was able to board a plane at the San Jose Airport without a ticket, made it all the way to her destination before being arrested by police, and who later was determined to be a mentally dist urbed individual.Burger The most recent example of security failures happened inRead MoreThe Transportation Security Administration ( Tsa )2133 Words   |  9 Pages Introduction The Transport Security Administration (TSA) is an American agency which is under the Department of Homeland Security and it has the authority and control of all the traveling public in the USA. It was formed as a reaction to the September 11, terrorist attacks in the country. It was created under the Aviation and Transport Security Act which was supported by Don Young who was a House of representative member. It was employed into law by President George Bush on November 19, 2001Read MoreThe Transportation Security Administration ( Tsa )2389 Words   |  10 Pagesthe Transportation Security Administration (TSA) is a clear stain on American society. Countless examples of humiliation, unconstitutionality, and criminal abuse by the agency have been documented, while its goal of keeping Americans safe has failed during attempted attacks. The TSA’s very existence threatens the American constitution and comes at the cost of American dignity. While there are lessons to be learned from around the country and world on possible fixes to the TSA, it remains to beRead MoreThe Transportation Security Administration ( Tsa )848 Words   |  4 PagesOne of those agencies is the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), this agency is a direct result of the 9/11 events and has the responsibility for air, land and rail in an ever increasing world of transportation. Much like other security agencies, their job is to ensure freedom of movement for trade and people while mitigating any potential threat to the United States. This is achieved in a multitude of ways from check points to undercover air marshals. The very nature of their mission requiresRead MoreTsa And Transportation Security Administration916 Words   |  4 Pagesestablished a Transportation Security Administration (TSA) and heighten its security throughout the transportation system, which were designed to prevent similar attacks in the future. This research paper will discuss the history of the TSA an d what it does, how TSA improve aviation security, and the cargo screening process. This paper will conclude an overall debrief of my discussion about the TSA and transportation security. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) was establish in responseRead More Airport Security and the Transportation Security Administration (TSA)2719 Words   |  11 Pagesof airport security has steadily increased. Since the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001, many changes have taken place at airports to prevent such an attack from occurring again. The purpose of this paper is to: outline airport security procedures, discuss the different technologies involved with airport security, as well as examine the components of airport security. In addition I will also discuss the Transportation Security Administration’s role in our nation’s airport security. AirportRead MoreThe Transportation Security Administration (TSA) Essay790 Words   |  4 Pages The Transportation Security Administration, more commonly known as TSA, is a part of the United States Department of homeland Security that supervises and manages the safety of travelers in the United States. Unlike other government operated tasks forces such as the military or FBI whose as been in existence since (), the TSA was only recently founded twelve years ago in 2001 after the devastating terroristic attack that took place in New York city’s twin towers earlier that year. There are moreRead MoreThe Transportation security Administration (TSA) is Violating the Fourth Amendment536 Words   |  3 Pagesplease me.   It shouldn’t please anyone who lives in this country, either.   This is an important right that everyone has and should definitely be able to keep as long as they live and are citizens of the United States.    The Transportation security Administration (TSA) is violating the Fourth Amendment left and right.   They have placed full-body scanners in court houses and airports.   The federal government assured the public that pictures would not be recorded and saved from these machines.   That isRead MoreAviation Security : The Security Threat, Securing Perimeter, And The Transportation Security Administration ( Tsa )1290 Words   |  6 PagesSecurity is one of the most important departments in aviation. Without security in aviation it would be extremely vulnerable to threat, harm and accidents to passengers, employees and aircrafts. Aviation has been threatened for decades now. From bombings and hijackings since the 1960s to the recent bombing in Brussels. It wasn’t until 9/11 when America knew there was a big gap in the security infrastructure in aviation. So what exactly is aviation security? Aviation Security is techniques and methodsRead MoreThe Security Administration ( Tsa ) / 11 Terrorist Attacks On The United States1802 Words   |  8 Pagesbackground. Government has formed and initiated new programs that aim to provide more vigilance especially in areas with high volume of people such as the Transportation Security Administration (TSA). Attitudes and demeanor towards non-Americans began drastically change negatively; meanwhile government focused their effects on providing security to their concerned citizens. A once presumed safe nation was now at risk for possible terrorist attacks, ongoing wars, and discrimination has been on the high rise

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Following Simple Instructions Free Essays

This is a ten thousand word (military related) essay on the importance to follow simple instructions, the importance of non commissioned officers in the military, and why it is important to follow leadership whether u are in the military or another form of work in which u are under a form of leadership. I am writing this specific ten thousand word essay because i did not complete another ten thousand word essay in the certain amount of time i was given, over leave, that was assigned to me by my non commissioned officer. Unfortunately for the army, i am not the only one who has disobeyed his non commissioned officer in some way or another. We will write a custom essay sample on Following Simple Instructions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many privates, specialists and even non commissioned and commissioned officers have disobeyed their superior officers in some way or another. their superior officers could have ignored this transgression, they might have given them a non punitive punishment or they might have even resorted to the Uniform Code of Military Justice. Thus subjecting them to the appropriate punishments, such as article 15, article 91, article 92, or even others that could be much more harmful or possibly less harmful to that private’s, specialist’s, non commissioned officers’ or commissioned officers’ payroll, family, free time or even his own freedom by sending him to a federal prison, such as Fort Levinworth. Here is one such non punitive action, an essay that maintains the title â€Å"Essay on Obeyeing a Lawful Order From An NCO†, done by another, i believe to be, private; â€Å"This is a 2000 word essay on the importance of obeying a lawful order from an NCO. The reason for me to be writing this essay is because I disobeyed a direct order from a senior NCO, I was told to move into the barracks by Sunday and I completely ignored this order and went along doing my own thing. It is extremely important to obey an NCO because if you don’t the consequences will be bad in doing so you are violating article 91 and article 92. The following is the elements of article 91 (1) Striking or assaulting warrant, noncommissioned, or petty officer. (a) That the accused was a warrant officer or enlisted member; (b) That the accused struck or assaulted a certain warrant, noncommissioned, or petty fficer; (c) That the striking or assault was committed while the victim was in the execution of office; and (d) That the accused then knew that the person struck or assaulted was a warrant, noncommissioned, or petty officer. Note: If the victim was the superior noncommissioned or petty officer of the accused, add the following elements (e) That the victim was the superior noncommissioned, or petty officer of the accused; and (f) That the accused then knew that the person struck or assaulted was the accuser’s superior non-commissioned, or petty officer. 2) Disobeying a warrant, noncommissioned, or petty officer. (a) That the accused was a warrant officer or enlisted member; (b) That the accused received a certain lawful order from a certain warrant, noncommissioned, or petty officer; (c) That the accused then knew that the person giving the order was a warrant, noncommissioned, or petty officer; (d) That the accused had a duty to obey the order; and (e) That the accused willfully disobeyed the order. (3) Treating with contempt or being disrespectful in language or deportment toward a warrant, non-commissioned, or petty officer. a) That the accused was a warrant officer or enlisted member; (b) That the accused did or omitted certain acts, or used certain language; (c) That such behavior or language was used toward and within sight or hearing of a certain warrant, noncommissioned, or petty officer; (d) That the accused then knew that the person toward whom the behavior or language was directed was a warrant, noncommissioned, or petty officer; (e) That the victim was then in the execution of office; and (f) That under the circumstances the accused, by such behavior or language, treated with contempt or was disrespectful to said warrant, noncommissioned, or petty officer. Note: If the victim was the superior noncommissioned, or petty officer of the accused, add the following elements (g) That the victim was the superior noncommissioned, or petty officer of the accused; and (h) That the accused then knew that the person toward whom the behavior or language was directed was the accuser’s superior noncommissioned, or petty officer. The following is an explanation of article 91 (1) In general. Article 91 has the same general objects with respect to warrant, noncommissioned, and petty officers as Articles 89 and 90 have with respect to commissioned officers, namely, to ensure obedience to their lawful orders, and to protect them from violence, insult, or disrespect. Unlike Articles 89, and 90, however, this article does not require a superior-subordinate relationship as an element of any of the offenses denounced. This article does not protect an acting noncommissioned officer or acting petty officer, nor does it protect military police or members of the shore patrol who are not warrant, noncommissioned, or petty officers. The Maximum punishment of article 91 is as follows. 1) Striking or assaulting warrant officer. Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 5 years. (2) Striking or assaulting superior noncommissioned or petty officer. Dishonorable discharge, for-feature of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 3 years. (3) Strik ing or assaulting other noncommissioned or petty officer. Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 1 year. (4) Willfully disobeying the lawful order of a warrant officer. Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 2 years. (5) Willfully disobeying the lawful order of a noncommissioned or petty officer. Bad-conduct discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 1 year. (6) Contempt or disrespect to warrant officer. Bad-conduct discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 9 months. (7) Contempt or disrespect to superior noncommissioned or petty officer. Bad-conduct discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 6 months. (8) Contempt or disrespect to other noncommissioned or petty officer. Forfeiture of two-thirds pay per month for 3 months, and confinement for 3 months. The following is the elements of article 92 (1) Violation of or failure to obey a lawful general order or regulation. a) That there was in effect a certain lawful general order or regulation; (b) That the accused had a duty to obey it; and (c) That the accused violated or failed to obey the order or regulation. (2) Failure to obey other lawful order. (a) That a member of the armed forces issued a certain lawful order; (b) That the accused had knowled ge of the order; (c) That the accused had a duty to obey the order; and (d) That the accused failed to obey the order. (3) Dereliction in the performance of duties. (a) That the accused had certain duties; (b) That the accused knew or reasonably should have known of the duties; and (c) That the accused was (willfully) (through neglect or culpable inefficiency) derelict in the performance of those duties. The explanation of article 92 is as follows. (1) Violation of or failure to obey a lawful general order or regulation. (a) General orders or regulations are those orders or regulations generally applicable to an armed force which are properly published by the President or the Secretary of Defense, of Transportation, or of a military department, and those orders or regulations generally applicable to the command of the officer issuing them throughout the command or a particular subdivision thereof which are issued by: (I) an officer having general court-martial jurisdiction; (ii) a general or flag officer in command; or (iii) a commander superior to (I) or (ii). b) A general order or regulation issued by a commander with authority under Article 92(1) retains its character as a general order or regulation when another officer takes command, until it expires by its own terms or is rescinded by separate action, even if it is issued by an officer who is a general or flag officer in comman d and command is assumed by another officer who is not a general or flag officer. (c) A general order or regulation is lawful unless it is contrary to the Constitution, the laws of the United States, or lawful superior orders or for some other reason is beyond the authority of the official issuing it. See the discussion of lawfulness in paragraph 14a(2). (d) Knowledge. Knowledge of a general order or regulation need not be alleged or proved, as knowledge is not an element of this offense and a lack of knowledge does not constitute a defense. (e) Enforceability. Not all provisions in general orders or regulations can be enforced under Article 92(1). Regulations which only supply general guide-lines or advice for conducting military functions may not be enforceable under Article 92(1). (2) Violation of or failure to obey other lawful order. (a) Scope. Article 92(2) includes all other lawful orders which may be issued by a member of the armed forces, violations of which are not chargeable under Article 90, 91, or 92(1). It includes the violation of written regulations which are not general regulations. See also subparagraph (1)(e) above as applicable. b) Knowledge. In order to be guilty of this offense, a person must have had actual knowledge of the order or regulation. Knowledge of the order may be proved by circumstantial evidence. (c) Duty to obey order. (I) From a superior. A member of one armed force who is senior in rank to a member of another armed force is the superior of that member with authority to issue orders which that member has a duty to obey under the same circumstances as a commissioned officer of one armed force is the superior commissioned officer of a member of an-other armed force for the purposes of Articles 89, and 90. See paragraph 13c (1). (ii) From one not a superior. Failure to obey the lawful order of one not a superior is an offense under Article 92(2), provided the accused had a duty to obey the order, such as one issued by a sentinel or a member of the armed forces police. See paragraph 15b(2) , if the order was issued by a warrant, noncommissioned, or petty officer in the execution of office. The maximum punishment of article 92 is as follows. (1) Violation or failure to obey lawful general order or regulation. Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 2 years. (2) Violation of failure to obey other lawful order. Bad-conduct discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 6 months. Note: For (1) and (2), above, the punishment set forth does not apply in the following cases: if in the absence of the order or regulation which was violated or not obeyed the accused would on the same facts be subject to conviction for another specific offense for which a lesser punishment is prescribed; or if the violation or failure to obey is a breach of restraint imposed as a result of an order. In these instances, the maximum punishment is that specifically prescribed else wherefore that particular offense. (3) Dereliction in the performance of duties. (A) Through neglect or culpable inefficiency. Forfeiture of two-thirds pay per month for 3 months and confinement for 3 months. (B) Willful. Bad-conduct discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 6 months. In knowing this I will be sure not to repeat this incident I feel the biggest problem is myself I am still trying to adapt to the army life and it is getting a little easier as the days go by I really don’t like being the jacked up soldier and I plan on changing and I plan on doing what I am told when I’m told so I can avoid getting caught up in something I cant get out of the only way I want out of the army is either with a honorable discharge or to do my time I understand that I signed a contract and raised my right hand and made an oath to my country to protect and serve no matter what the cost so I will do so by obeying all of the article to the best of my ability. I wish to pursue my Army career to the maximum amount of time possible. I hope to do at least 20 years time in service but I will most likely stay in longer. This job makes me feel proud and I really do not want to lose it. Now that I have gotten into trouble I fully understand the severity of obeying an order from the higher ups I will do my best not to get myself into this predicament again because I would rather not lose what little rank I do have I can not afford to lose that because I am struggling now trying to help my father with his financial situation and if I was to lose that I’m not sure what I would do to make up that money that I would be losing as of right now E-2 base pay is 1458. 90 and E-1 pay is 1209. 0 that is a huge difference in pay that is more than a 200 dollar difference that I defiantly can not afford to lose so I will be sure to straighten out my act so I do not lose that money this will conclude my 2000 word essay. â€Å"1 1. Anyomous (thou still a private i believe); http://www. allfreeessays. com/essays/Essay-Importan ce-Obeying-Lawful-Order-Nco/2492. html And I and this particular private are not the only ones. Every day we stupid, ignorant, and down right dumb privates think it is ok to, in some way disobey a non commissioned officer or another superior officer. But more often then not we are caught and punished, such as a series of long and difficult exercises or worse, being subject to Uniform Code of Military Justice and the harmful articles it entails. How to cite Following Simple Instructions, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Distribution free essay sample

Historically, the majority of SSI products were sold to consumers through various grocery and convenience stores. Vending machines and institutional sales, such as airports, represent the remaining consumer market segments. The selling environment for candy and snack foods was becoming increasingly competitive and traditional channels of distribution were being distorted, especially in the grocery and convenience trade. Grocery and convenience stores were traditionally serviced through distributors known as candy and tobacco jobbers. These distributors purchased SSI products in large quantities and then sold them to retail stores for sale to consumers. The number of candy and tobacco jobbers was decreasing, which was distorting the traditional distribution channel. Two factors were causing this distortion. First, the wholesaler and distributor industry in general was going through consolidation as large distributors continued to get larger and more profitable, while smaller and less profitable distributors either were bought up or closed. Second, the popularity of warehouse club stores threatened candy and tobacco jobbers. Small mom-and-pop grocery or convenience stores were able to purchase many products they needed at these warehouse clubs at the same price or less than what the distributors offered. Furthermore, the warehouse clubs provided a one-stop shopping experience so that the grocery stores could purchase a wider range of products at the club store than was sold by any one candy and tobacco distributor. For example, a club store may offer a narrow selection of the most popular SSI products as well as its competitor’s products, while an individual distributor may handle SSI products exclusively. While SSI encouraged grocery and convenience stores to carry its products, regardless of whether these stores purchase products from distributors or club stores, there was a concern about how the products were serviced. Distributors provide a significant benefit in that they carry a broader line of SSI products than most club stores. Also, some candy and tobacco jobbers visit their retail customers regularly to ensure the stores remain stocked with a large variety of fresh product. In this sense, candy and tobacco jobbers provided a marketing service for SSI that is not achieved with club stores. As such, SSI began looking for an alternative channel system that would not only increase market coverage in light of the new competitive environment but also provide the important marketing service to ensure a large variety of fresh product available for consumers. To accomplish this, SSI questioned the reliance on its traditional marketing channel, as well as the typical outlets through which its products were sold. Andy Joslin, the vice president of integrated logistics, had an idea. Andy began to focus on new retail outlets where SSI products could be sold and how these sales could be uniquely managed via a new channel arrangement. It was determined that direct store delivery of SSI products could be handled by using telemarketing for order processing and small package delivery. The notion was that any retail outlet that had sufficient counter space and high customer traffic was likely to sell high-impulse snack items such as SSI products. Examples of potential retail outlets that traditionally did not carry snack items included dry cleaners, barbers and beauty shops, hardware stores, and drinking establishments. The concept is summarized in Table 1. The alternative distribution plan offers various benefits. First, it is a unique selling concept in that it provides retailers a way to increase their business through incremental sales of snack products with little risk of cannibalization by other retail outlets due to the impulse nature of the product. Furthermore, retailers are not required to make a significant capital investment to try the concept and there is little risk to the retailer if the plan fails. SSI will provide countertop units or shelving to display the products for sale and will suggest pricing for maximum sales volume and profit. The alternative distribution concept benefits SSI as well by providing market growth and exposing its products to a wider range of customers. Also, SSI will have direct contact with retailers, providing a great opportunity for testing and tracking new products while ensuring timely delivery. One potential drawback is that the retailers may feel the incremental revenue received is insufficient, which will dissuade product reordering. Also, retailers may have pilferage problems that would discourage their participation. Finally, the arrangements could threaten candy and tobacco jobbers that rely on similar retail accounts. Resentment from candy and tobacco jobbers could potentially result in decreased service to grocery and convenience stores. From initial interviews with target retailers, SSI became convinced the alternative distribution concept had merit. The next step was to evaluate whether the idea was a viable business decision in terms of retail interest versus actual participation. An internal operating plan for managing the alternative distribution program would also need to be devised to identify and determine the internal costs and potential profit. Retail Interest. The research summarized in Table 2 illustrates important considerations for retail sales. Fifteen types of retail stores were targeted for participation, and 30 product lines were considered for distribution. Estimates concerning expected retail participation and sales were a critical part of business viability. To start, SSI estimated it could contact only 20 percent of all target retailers. The remaining retailers would be approached after a 1-year test period if the alternative distribution program was successful. Two types of display units were designed as well as two reorder packages. An initial order would include two boxes shrink-wrapped together. One box would hold the product and the other would hold the display unit. Table 3 provides display and product package characteristics. Reorder packs would contain the same product weight and units as shown for the initial order. Operating Procedures. Two logistics networks are under consideration for the new channel. Both networks facilitate direct retail customer contact: no distributors are included in the channel. One network uses three distribution centers while the other uses four. Service for the first network is estimated at 2 to 4 days, with some outlying areas serviced in 5 days. Service through the second network is estimated at 1 to 3 days and to outlying areas in 4 days. The number of outlying areas is reduced under the second network. Table 4 compares the costs of both networks. The information flow would start with order entry at the telemarketing department. Retail orders would be transmitted to the appropriate distribution center and compiled each night. Orders would be picked and packed, then delivery would be arranged based on the aforementioned service levels. Summary. Before SSI can determine whether the alternative distribution concept should be initiated, it must analyze the information gathered and project the potential sales and profits. Profits must be determined for SSI as well as for the retail customers. If retailers do not make sufficient incremental profit, it is unlikely they will continue participating in the plan. A team has been assigned to perform the data analysis. Andy Joslin has identified five questions he feels are critical for the team to analyze. These questions are provided below. Questions 1. Determine the total number of retailers in the program initially as well as after the trial period. 2. Determine what the average retailer will sell on a daily basis as well as annually. Provide sales in terms of unit and dollar amounts. (Assume 260 business days per year, with 5 business days each week. ) 3. Translate the annual sales for an average retailer into the number of large packs that retailers will order per year. Repeat for the small pack order. Round if necessary. ) Include the initial order in the calculation. 4. SSI would like to determine its potential sales for the first year on the basis of the information in question 3. However, there is some concern that the estimate of average retail sales is too high. SSI assumes only 40 percent of the participating retailers will actually achieve the average sales and reorders (this group is designated as high performers). Twenty percent of the retailers are expected to have medium performance success and will only sell/reorder 75 percent of the average suggested order. Low-performing retailers represent the remaining 40 percent and will achieve half the sales/reorder expected on average. Calculate the orders (separate initial and reorder quantities) for the 6-month trial period if 45 percent of retailers exclusively order/reorder large packs and the remaining retailers exclusively order/reorder small packs. Calculate the second 6 months accounting for the dropout.

Friday, November 29, 2019

Hills Like White Elephants Essays - Hills Like White Elephants

Hills Like White Elephants Hills Like White Elephants, written by Ernest Hemingway, is a story that takes place in Spain while a man and woman wait for a train. The story is set up as a dialogue between the two, in which the man is trying to convince the woman to do something she is hesitant in doing. Through out the story, Hemingway uses metaphors to express the characters' opinions and feelings. Hills Like White Elephants displays the differences in the way a man and a woman view pregnancy and abortion. The woman looks at pregnancy as a beautiful aspect of life. In the story the woman's pregnancy is implied through their conversation. She refers to the near by hills as elephants; "They look like white elephants" (464). She is comparing the hills to her own situation, pregnancy. "They're lovely hills. They really don't look like white elephants. I just meant the coloring of their skin through the trees" (465). Just as the hills have their distinct beauty to her, she views pregnancy in the same fashion making the reference to the hills having skin?an enlarged mound forming off of what was once flat. The man views pregnancy just the opposite. When the girl is talking about the white elephants and agrees that the man has never seen one, his response is, "I might have, just because you say I haven't doesn't prove anything" (464). This shows the defensive nature of the man, and when the woman implies the he is unable to differentiate between what is beautiful and what is not. Another issue that is discussed in this story is abortion and two opposing views. When the conversation turns from the hills to the operation one is able to comprehend the mentality of the woman. "Then what will we do afterwards?" (465) shows the woman is concerned about what will occur after the operation. "And if I do it you will be happy and things will be like they were and you will love me" (465). Here, the woman implies she wants the reassurance that he will still be there after the operation, because an abortion places an emotional strain on the on the woman. Throughout the story it is evident that the woman is not sure if she wants to have the abortion?shown in her hesitation to agree. The woman feels that people gain freedom through experiences. "And we could have all of this, and every day we make it more impossible" (466). Here, she is implying the experiences we encounter daily?pregnancy on her part?give us the freedom we hold so dear. "I said we could have everything...(w)e could have the whole world" (466), and with this freedom the possibilities are endless. The man's speech shows the he believes abortion is not a big deal: "I know you wouldn't mind it, Jig. It's really not anything. It's just to let the air in" (465). Letting the ?air in' is referring to the way abortions are preformed, and his confidence in predicting the girl's reaction?"I know you wouldn't mind it" (465)?implies that abortion is just another operation to him. The man feels that if the girl does not have the abortion his freedom will be taken from him. He feels the additional responsibility would limit his opportunities and thus his freedom. When the girl says, "It's ours," referring to everything the world has to offer, the man replies, "No, it isn't. And once they take it away, you can never get it back" (466). He is telling her that once they take ?it'?their freedom?away they will not be able to reclaim it. At the end of the story, the main points are reinforced. The man returns from taking the bags to the tracks and asks if the woman is ok. Her reply is, "I feel fine. There is nothing wrong with me. I feel fine" (467). Here she reiterates that she sees the pregnancy as an experience that is not necessarily bad (as the gentleman is implying). The man, on the other hand, feels nothing has been accomplished. He picked up the two heavy bags and carried them around the station to the other tracks. He looked up the tracks but could not see the train. Coming back, he walked through the barroom, where people waiting for the train were drinking. He drank an Anis at the bar and looked at the people. They were all waiting reasonably for the train. He went back through the bead curtain. She was sitting there and smiled at

Monday, November 25, 2019

Television Censhorship and how it changes the way we live.

Television Censhorship and how it changes the way we live. " F*** Television Censorship"by Ben FlickAccess is threatened today by the government by putting a brown paper bag around "risquÂÆ'Â ©" material on the Internet and television. Industry, responding both to government pressure and consumer demand, has compounded the problem by creating easy tools for censorship. Government is privatizing censorship, pushing it out. Recently there have been efforts to make television and the Internet "family friendly," by giving parents tools to create "kid-safe" environments. But the consequences may be far-reaching, as the tools used in the home to shield children from certain ideas and images increasingly appear in schools and libraries, where they limit the ability of the entire community to gain access to valuable information. The promise of the electronic media - to create a more vibrant and democratic "marketplace of ideas" than has ever before been possible - could be undermined, if rating and filtering is widely embraced.Saniresch shooting f or children’s television pro...By directing a bright light at these censorship tools, we may persuade viewers and users to resort not to ratings and filters, but to open and unfettered access to information and freedom of expression to demand more speech, not enforced silence. The Telecommunications Act creates a statutory scheme to regulate content of television programming. It mandates that new television sets be equipped with a V-chip capable of blocking programs, and it requires to prescribe guidelines to identify programming containing sexual, violent or other indecent material to help parents limit children's viewing - unless the television/cable industry "voluntarily" devises its own "acceptable" rules for labeling programs. The terms "violent" "sexual" or "indecent" are not defined in the Act. In July 1997, the major networks, with the exception of NBC, agreed to begin using TV Parental Guidelines, a television rating system, to supplement the previously introduced mo vie-style age-based rating: TV-G...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Coursework Example The two females featured in Bend it like Beckham experience their gender in different ways. Jesminder â€Å"Jess† Bhamra is infatuated with football but her parents who are Indians have forbidden her to play because she is a girl. However, Juliette â€Å"Jules† Paxton parents are okay with it yet she is still a girl. Jess family expect her to have a job that is suitable for ladies her age that’s why she pretends to have a job so that she can play with the Hounslow Harrier a local women’s team. Jules is allowed to follow her passion for female football. Both Jess and Jule’s parents become concerned when these two best friends fight and they fear that their daughters are lesbians thinking that the girls’ disagreement is a lover’s quarrel. All in all, both families expect Jess and Jules to dance at a Sikh wedding in which Jess’ elder sister is getting married. In the fifty years since television became commonplace for western civilization, this one piece of technology has had incredible impact on society and basically revolutionized the way people see themselves and the world around them. The debate as to whether the impact is positive or negative has been taking place since the inception of the TV in the late 1940’s. Television’s potential to connect, educate and inform the public is often overshadowed by the lack of individual responsibility in using this modern-day miracle, therefore causing its impact on society to be viewed as negative. Television provides viewers access to arts, music, religion, new technology and information. Such technology is a venue for inspiration and enrichment and it also allows the viewer to become engaged in issues that have personal and societal implications. Viewers have been able to witness everything from presidential debates to man walking on the moon to wars being fought right in front of them. They have discovered ways to renovate their homes, look

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Discussion board 3 - Research Design Class Essay

Discussion board 3 - Research Design Class - Essay Example According to Chathoth and Olsen (2003), creation of value from coalition has led to customer loyalty because loyal customers base their decisions on value-creation that results from strategic alliance. Coalition allows customers to operate in a business circle made up of their preferred service providers. Customers who were initially loyal are further motivated because they are able to earn points and benefits from the business coalition. This is because some loyalty programs give visa cards in which customers are able to get rewards for their purchases within the alliance. Loyal customers make more purchases as compared to those who are non-loyal and have low tendencies of shifting to a competitor brand. Therefore, it is advisable for business owners in the hotel industry to apply strategic alliance as a way of maintaining their customer loyalty. Creation of value is the main driving factor behind the success of businesses coalitions thus hotel owners should get to know business par tners who are able to appeal and satisfy their customers. When seeking to determine how strategic alliances impact customer loyalty, a specific hotel can be used for case study. Based on the results of a case study, it may always be assumed that under almost similar conditions, the results would apply to other hotels.

Monday, November 18, 2019

Saving the world Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Saving the world - Case Study Example This is not only chaotic but also challenging as it involves managing teams spread all over the globe. The management will need to make the response center teams smaller and more specific to their roles to ensure there is maximum and timely delivery. Tin order to use technical, human and conceptual skills, the company ensures that working never comes to a standstill. This is attained by ensuring that when one team in Dublin works one day, the team in Santa Monica takes over and when they finish their day, the team in Tokyo steps in the next day and they pass it to Dublin to continue with the cycle. This ensures that the workers are not bored with the routine work, which helps them get motivated and work in a professional manner. Since its foundation in 982, the company puts a great emphasis on customer service and innovation by stating their commitment to provide solutions and security in information management and in efficient manner. The management and workers are guided by a set of values that ensure the customers are always the focus of their products through customer driven strategizing. In innovation, the company uses open innovation helps the company to provide the customers with the best products. There are several lessons that other managers can learn from Patrick Fitzgerald and the way Symantec approaches its work. This include, working with diverse people at the global level, maintaining efficiency through the use of smaller teams, managing time efficiently, putting emphasis on worker motivation and trying to break work

Saturday, November 16, 2019

A Look At Repression English Literature Essay

A Look At Repression English Literature Essay Ladies Coupe: A novel in parts narrates the tale of six women who meet purely by chance on a short train journey. It traces the lives of the six women as they travel in the ladies compartment. The stories they relate help the protagonists Akhilandeswari to find resolutions for the tormenting questions that taunt her and enable her to establish her true identity. The other five women belong to different age groups and classes of the society. Their individual struggle against the myriad repressive forces instills in Akhila a sense of courage and clarity in action. The repressive forces in their multiple manifestations as patriarchal attitudes, sexual politics and sexual stereotyping impose a restriction on womens individuality and leads to their marginalization which is effectuated by traditional and cultural institutions. Feminist perspective as a woman centered theory provides strategies for change. As such the feminist principle is an uncompromising pledge and an antidote to all types of exploitation and repression of women. The fundamental goal of feminist perspective, according to Maggie Humm, is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦to understand womens oppression in terms of race, gender, class and sexual preference and how to change it. (Maggie, x) The personality of woman has been sought to be damaged and distorted and her very status as human being has brought down under the overwhelming male domination. Thus, a woman who protests against her depersonalization and annihilation and who walks out of home to live and to be human are made aware of the futility of her actions. Clearly, the forces of cultural and social inculcations are too strong to be completely overcome. We find the Indian women being torn between individual desires and societal expectations. In the tradition bound society like our Indian society, it is no wonder that writers like Anita Nair has reflected such types of repression in her novels. The problem of repression faced by women varies according to their social, cultural and economic status. The tradition bound Indian society considered the very birth of girls a curse and rearing a girl child is more expensive and risky than a male child, so people dreaded the very birth of girls. The girls have to undergo a lot of difficulties in this chauvinistic society, after their difficult entry into this world. Discrimination was shown even in education. People firmly believe that a girls place is only at home, so they were reluctant to give her education. Even when she was educated, she was trained only in domestic traits. This is because a girl is viewed only as wife and a mother. Therefore, the one and only idea instituted in her mind, right from her birth was to please the male. This becomes the soul purpose of her life. So, even right from her birth the repressive problems are faced by women. In Ladies Coupe, Anita Nair delineates various women characters and provides a macro picture of womens society. Janaki got married at the age of eighteen. As a girl of eighteen, she is not matured enough to know the meaning of marriage and what to expect of marriage. Janaki accommodates her body and mind to marriage and what it had to offer her in life. She did not live for her own self; she lived for her husband. Janaki didnt know what to expect of marriage. All through her girlhood, marriage was a destination she was being groomed for. She wasnt expected to know what it really meant to be married, and neither was she curious about it. It would come to her as it had to her mother. (LC 25) As a wife in the patriarchal society, Janaki finds her husband a loving and protecting one in the initial of her life. She is not matured enough to understand her suppressed condition in the patriarchal society. She remembers the words of her mother, He is your husband and you must accept whatever he does (LC 25). They have a son and daughter-in-law. They were branded as the golden couple and were exemplary perfect parents. As she got married at a very early age, she doesnt even know that she is suppressed in the bond of marriage. Only at the age of forty-five, she realized that all her desires are oppressed. But, Janaki resents her husbands overbearing nature over their son and revolts against it. She questions his right to control their son and slowly she begins to hate her husbands actions. Janaki could not unlearn what patriarchy had instituted in her. Even the initial revulsion of the physical act in the beginning of her married life, turns into an acceptance of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã ‚ ¦ pleasures hidden in rituals of togethernessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (26). She is confined in the bondage of a wife, mother and most importantly the woman that patriarchy has moulded into her. Marriage life is the next stage of repression. After marriage, a girl becomes a woman and she has various roles to perform. She has to play the roles of a daughter in law, wife, mother and mother in law. Of all the roles mentioned here, the most difficult roles are a woman as daughter-in- law and wife. They could never come out of tradition. The inborn feminine traits of the traditional never allowed them to mould away from tradition. They never opposed or questioned their men folk. Instead, they suppress all their emotions and desires and are being controlled by the repressive forces. Janaki, an elderly and wise woman, comes out with a meaning of life that all women are prone to: I am a woman who has always been looked after. First there was my father and my brothers; then my husband. When my husband is gone, there will be my son, waiting to take from where his father let off. Women like me end up being fragile. Our men treat us like princesses. And because of that we look down upon women who are strong and who can cope by themselves. I believe in that old clichà © that a home was a womans kingdom. I worked hard to preserve mineà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and then suddenly one day it didnt matter anymore. My home ceased to interest me, none of the beliefs I had built my life around had any meaning. I thought if I were to lose it all, I would cope. If I ever became alone I would manage perfectly. I was confident about that. I think I was tired of being this fragile creatureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Now I know that even if I can cope it wouldnt be the same if he wasnt there with me. (22-23) Evelyn Cunningham says that the women are the only oppressed group in our society that lives in intimate association with their oppressors. They even felt glorified in their sufferings, and if any women had rebellious attitude, the people around them curbed that in the beginning itself. Women were brainwashed right from their birth to be polite, submissive and obedient. She was expected to be chaste and faithful even when her husband was unfaithful. It is not only these illiterate home birds who were afraid to rebel against tyranny and exploitations but even the educated house wives stuck firmly to the traditional role. Such women inspite of their education considered suffering in their husbands place was far better than leading a lonely life. Margaret Shanthi, is one of the important characters in the novel Ladies Coupe novel. She is a chemistry teacher by profession is married to Ebenezer Paulraj, the principal of the school she worked in. He was a pompous self-opinionated individual who successfully destroyed Margarets self-confidence by bullying her always and then treating her as a house keeper and a cook. She goes through many physical, mental and spiritual crises. Their marriage had a fairy tale like charm initially which slowly disintegrates when Margaret begins to see the true nature of Ebe. He loved her but she dare have no individuality. Margaret initially is the little girl who says yes to whatever he says and is out to please him always. Margarets husband wanted her to become a docile wife. This is the life of the women to look after her home, her husband and her children and give them food she has cooked with her own hands (LC 40). She leads a life of obscurity in some corner of the house all the time pretend ing to be satisfied and happy. As Kamala Das says in her poem The Suicide, But I must pose I must pretend I must act the role of a happy woman Happy wife. (227) She is forced to pursue B.Ed though her real interest is to do Ph.D. Ebe insists and forces her to abort their first child which ultimately is the last straw for Margaret. She sees through his dual nature of pretentious politeness and inner cruelty. His ridiculous theories, derisive contempt of her way of house keeping and cooking and collection of defacing books with ugly drawings only intensifies Margarets hatred. She hates her husband whom she once adorned and worshipped because her dreams were broken and she comes crashing down to reality, when she is forced to abort her first pregnancy. Gnawed by indecision, guilt and pain, she allows herself to be coerced into it. She sees another side of her husband when after her abortion, a week later, he says: I love it when you call me Ebeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I like you like thisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ unstained and cleanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I never want you to change. I want you to remain like this all your life (LC 111). Whenever she tried to share her fe elings with her mother she is advised in turn: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and like I have said many times before, it is a womans responsibility to keep the marriage happy. Men have so many pre occupations that they might not have the time or inclination to keep the wheels of a marriage oiled (112). Ebe became more and more over bearing after he becomes the principle of a school. He begins to nag her and find fault in her house keeping and cooking. She begins to hate him. Margarets family cannot accept the idea of a divorce and though she feels stifled in her marriage she continues living with Ebe. Her only consolation is food and she puts on weight. His dual nature, artificial politeness and warmth and inner cruelty; his ego, his defacing books with ugly drawings, his various theories and his constant derisive contempt of her, make her suffer intensely. I, Margaret Shanthi did it with the sole desire for revenge. To erode his self-esteem and shake the very foundations of his being. To rid this world of a creature who if allowed to remain the way he was, slim, lithe and arrogant, would continue to harvest sorrow with a single-minded joy. (LC 96) Repeatedly discouraged by her mother and the fear of the stigma of divorce, she stops short of openly asking questions that torment her mind and soul: What about me? Dont I  have a  right to  have any  expectations  of him?  Dont I work as hard as he  does and more because I run the house as well (112). Liberation is meaningful, if we do not confine women within the bonds of family. The marriage makes women submissive. This is one of the main repressive forces that every woman in the society is facing. Margaret Shanti is a good example of how women are repressed upon by male power. The powerlessness is like the colonized who fail to see and appreciate their true worth. Societal expectations far outweigh personal needs and so Shanti negates herself again and again. From an ambitious and brilliant student who wants to chart out a career on her own, she becomes a dutiful wife to Ebenezer who rouses fear in everyone around him. She silences her aspirations in order to be what Ebenezer wants her to be. She decided to become a teacher instead of working on her decorate. She cut her hair short. She stopped going to church every Sunday, eating bhelpuri outside and finally agrees to abort her child though she knows that her religion forbids it. As usual, he takes the decisions and I (Shanti) let his voice smooth away my fears. He was Ebe. My Ebe. He was right. He was always right (LC 109). Shashi Deshpande, in her novel The Dark Holds No Terror, defines the lopsided gender equation within the context of urban marital relationships. A wife must always be a few feet behind her husband. If he is an M.A., you should be a B.Aà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Womens magazines will tell you that marriage should be an equal partnership. Thats nonsense. Rubbish. No partnership can ever be equal. It will always be unequal, but take care that its unequal in favor of your husband. (The Dark Holds No Terror 85) The belief that existed in the past and continued to be fresh in the minds of the people was that the man should be the bread winner and woman the home maker in the family. It was the husband who slogs way at job or business, to give the family a decent way of living, fully confident that the wife at home would efficiently manage the house, also look after his parents and children, awaiting his return for a conjugal round of dinner. In the present day, the situation becomes different. Women now demand more space, the rights and freedom because they want to come out of the repressive forces. They are not ready to be submissive and meek as their mothers. The problem of violence against women is not new. Women in the context of Indian society have been victims of repression, torture, humiliation and exploitation. All were merely trying to seek fulfillment by playing the role of a devoted wife and a caring mother. Friedan writes, For a woman, as for a man the need for self-fulfillment autonomy, self-realization, independence, individuality, self-actualization is as important as the sexual need, with as serious consequences when it is thwarted. Womens sexual problems are, in this sense, by-products of the suppression of her basic need to grow and fulfill her potentialities as human being, potentialities which the mystique of feminism fulfillment ignores. (282) Nairs women suffer from a system of sex role stereotyping and repression that exist under patriarchal social organizations. Of course, patriarchy, in its different forms, has tried in many ways to repress, debase and humiliate women especially through the images represented in cultural and traditional forms. She is supposed only to listen, not to speak; only to suffer, not to shriek (42). In Ladies Coupe, Marikolanthu is the last one to narrate her story. She is a young girl and uneducated who is poorly dressed and lives in a tamed and controlled environment. She lives in a noisy psycho-social group and she is stressed by it. Hans Seyle, an endocrinologist says that stress is the rate of wear and tear in the body. Her mother works as a cook at the Chettiar household. Her mother stopped her schoolings and allowed only her sons to go for school. Marikolanthu was repeatedly warned by her mother  because she was easily impressed by people: you give your heart too easily,  child.  They will break it  into thousand  pieces  and leave it on the ground for others to trample into dust (LC  216).  On such occasions  she had  always  teased  her  mother asking her if the heart was a glass bangle (LC  216). But her experience results in her realization of the value of her  mothers  words.  She  says, But you know what, the heart is a glass bangle. One careless moment and it is shattered. We know that, yet we continue to wear glass bangles. Each time they break, we buy new ones hoping that these will last longer than the others did. How silly we women are. We should wear bangles made of granite and turn hearts into the same. When the girls are trained in the domestic affairs, the boys are expected to keep away from the domestic traits. Much discrimination are shown in the upbringing of boys and girls. In a male chauvinistic society like India, boys are given a long rope, while the girls are confined at home. Even the girls themselves never minded such discriminations. On the contrary they are well contended with their role. Later Marikolanthu is employed as a domestic helper and also she has to look after Sujata akkas son. She adores that kid but hates her own son Muthu who is born after a rape encounter with Murugesan so she resents the birth of her unwanted son. Her life revolves around the Chettiar household. She looks after the households and in the afternoons, she willingly obeys whenever Sujatha akka needs her for her physical fulfillment and whenever the master needs her for the same. When Sujatha akka learns about her husbands affair, she rejects Marikolanthu and throws her out of the house. Marikolanthu leaves Kanchepuram and before that she mortgages her son Muthu for rupees five thousand at her rapist Murugesans looms. Later, there is a change in her heart when she sees her son lighting the pyre of the dead Murugesan. She decides to take care of her son Muthu. Marikolanthu has to face the strains of life herself. She is a victim of repression, a virtual slave, the victim of men, of casteism and of innumerable social injustices. It is that gender bias and oppression of women emerges as a powerful theme of the novel. She is being repressed by Murugesan. The device he uses to control her is rape. She feels defiled and corrupt. She evokes our sympathy when she says, In the distance, I heard the calls. Bogi! Bogi! The sparks would fly as the bonfire was set alight and the night would crackle with the sound of dried logs and twigs waking up. With my past, my future too had been torched alive. (LC 241) Marikolunthu suffers extreme repression social, familial and financial. It is ultimately love that brings her on the right track where she will find happiness and fulfillment. Her struggle has been one of hate for herself and accommodating with humiliating relationships thereafter. Her resolve to bring up her child shows her forming in to a new character. The words of  Marikolunthu could be quoted as an apt conclusion to the motif of the novel: Women are strong. Woman can do everything as well as men. Women can do much more. But a woman has to seek the vein of strength in herself. It does not show itself naturally. (LC 210) The female body becomes the site of violence in the case of the rape of Marikolanthu. Like the violence unleashed by the colonizer on the powerless colonized, she has to face physical repression and mental torture when left to fend for her. With his brute strength, Murugesan attacks her and she is left helpless. She is different from the other women in the coupe because her experiences are far more painful. The traditional image that a girl forms in her mind is to be submissive, committed, docile and tolerant so that she may prove herself an ideal woman not only for her husband but also for her father in law, mother in law and the other in laws. The Brahmin heroine, Akhila, whose life has been taken out of her control, is a spinster, daughter, sister, aunt and the only provider of her family after the death of her father. Getting fed up with these multiple roles, she decides to go on a train journey away from family and responsibilities, a journey that will ultimately make her a different woman. In the ladies coupe compartment, she meets five other women each of whom has a story to tell. The stories are all an attempt to answer Akhhilas problematic question. Can a woman stay single and be happy at the same time? Akhila asks such a question because she is being suppressed by all the members of her family. She has never been allowed to live her own life. She questions her family members, Why shouldnt I live alone? Im of able body and mind. I can look after myself. I earn reasonably well. Akhila paused when her voice chocked with tears, and asked me what my desires were or what my dreams are? Did anyone of you ever think of me as a woman? Someone who has needs and longings just like you do? (LC 206) The protagonist Akhila loses her father at a very young age and since then she has been shouldering the responsibility of the entire family. She served as a clerk in the income tax department. When Akhilas father died, the family responsibility falls on her fragile shoulders. The narrator elucidates: When Akhilas father died, two things happened: Sunday become just another day of the week and Akhila became the man of the family (LC 75). Manning the responsibility of the family begins to repress her desires. Even her mother does not care about her desires. They have never asked, What about you? Youve been the head of this family ever since Appa died. Dont you want a husband, children, a home of your own? (LC 77). Akhila wanted to lead her life with Hari who is younger than herself. But her desires have been repressed by the social norms. Akhila wished for once, someone would see her as a whole being. What Akhila most desired in the world was to be her own person; in a place that was her own. To do as she pleased. To live as she chose with neither restraint nor fear of censure (LC 201). Akhilas youthful days were spent bringing up her sister Padma and two brothers Narayan and Narsi. They are happily married and settled. She is seen as a bread winner and they continue to suppress her desires with their needs and demands. Akhila says Dont you think you should wait for your elder sister to get married before you think of a wife and a family? (LC 77). Her selfish siblings were concerned only about their own well-being. They married and moved on in life without even bothering to think about Akhilas future. Akhila has wasted away her precious youthful days and when she finally mustered the courage to make a difference in life; she was given a lot of advice by her siblings about the dangers of living alone as a spinster. Her sister Padma needed the financial support of Akhila to run the household. The brothers Narayan and Narsi were worried about society. Narsi its improper for a woman to live alone. What will society say? That your family has abandoned you. Besides, there will be a whole lot of questions that will pop up about your reputation. You know how people put two and two together and come up with six. Nalinis family will be scandalized if they hear about this. Have you thought of how embarrassing my position will be? (Ladies Coupe 205) Akhilas brother tried to smoothen her ruffled feathers. He said that he owed his life to his sister. But he too was worried about Akhilas decision to live alone. He said, How will you cope? This is not a reflection on who you are. How can any woman cope alone? (206). Thus a patriarchal society did not approve o a womans decision to live alone without the protection of the men of the house, even if they financially depended on the women. Akhila saw the irony of the situation and later developed the succor to overcome such tyrannical systems. Initially Akhila undertakes the journey to Kanyakumari as a form of escape. Akhila is placed in a situation of unfamiliarity and dislocation precisely because her struggle for identity should come out more clearly. What she hated most à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦was not having an identity of her own. She was always an extension of someone elses identity. Chandras daughter, Narayans Akka, Priyas auntà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ she wished for someone would see her as a whole being. Akhila undertakes this journey as a form of escape, a desire to go away alone, a sense of excitement of being able to do something all by herself, not having to take permission, of taking an independent decision. She moves on to see what has never been seen, go where she has never gone before. Akhilas journey begins with a sense of escape: the smell of a railway platform at night fills Akhila with a sense of escape (1). Always the daughter, the sister, the aunt or the provider, she had no time to actualize herself, until one day she bought for herself a one-day ticket to the seaside town of Kanyakumari. She is gloriously alone for the first time in her life and is determined to break free from all that her conservative Tamil Brahmin life had forced on her. Akhila had always dreamt of this à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦eyes looking ahead. Of leaving. Of running away. Of pulling out. Of escaping(1). Akhila has never done anything that she desired to, but only what she was expected to do. But now she has a strong desire to be free and want to experience the real happiness of freedom. She decides to go the lands end to make a new beginning of experiencing the real meaning of freedom. And we are introduced to Akhila as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ that sort of a womanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (who) does what is expected of herà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(1). In their minds Akhila has ceased to be a woman and had already metamorphosed into a spinster. Akhila is a woman who is throbbing with life, vitality and sexuality. All these are suppressed to cater to the needs of her family. Akhila understands that matrimony is a patriarchal practice which sanctions men power to overpower woman. All the women characters in Ladies Coupe have been affected in one way or other because of patriarchal system. It provides an insight into emotional challenges of each of the women overcame in their life. It is the emotional outburst of the deprived women that Akhila has tried to portray. Women hesitate to take decision on their own and they think marriage is the ultimate aim of their life and pleasing their husband is a main concern of women. In the due course, they failed to create identity of their own. The self abnegation of women goes unrecognized in a patriarchal society and this leads to the self abasement of womens importance in society. A woman in t he post independence era is aware of the discrimination she has to face, the sexual harassment and violence which she explores in the male dominated society. Nair discusses marital rape perpetrated by the modern Indian male in her novels. The restrictions prevalent in Indian family prevent the Indian girls from youthful love before marriage. Girls are generally not allowed to mix with boys during their adolescence. The girls feelings are not shown as they are rarely expressed in real life. It is common for all girls in the middle class to express their love or make decisions. As the girls are confined at home the most part of their pleasing others becomes their prime duty at home. Shashi Deshpande rightly judges that, everything in girls life, it seemed was shaped to that single purpose of pleasing a male (79). The novel Mistress discusses the sexual violence and the repressive power of Shyam in the marital relationship of Shyam and Radha. This novel revolves around the life of Radha, Shyam and their morbid marriage against the backdrop of the narratives of Radhas uncle Koman, who is a Kathakali exponent. Her unhappy situation in the ill matched marriage drives her into the arms of Chris, an American writer. The novel culminates in Radha finding her own voice and deciding to go against the repressive force of her husband. The most remarkable part of the novel is the characterization of Shyam, which is a perfect mould of a modern, educated, tech savvy Indian male who finds it hard to shed his traditional role as a man. Nair has given Shyam his own voice through his first person narrative and thereby taking the reader straight into his mind. Shyam is a twenty first century male through and through. He is extremely successful in his business, which is his undoing in a sense. He is never reluctant to turn any opportunity into a money making venture. His only failure perhaps is his inability to understand his wife and treat her as an individual who has a mind for her own. To him, Radha is another possession, which he is proud of, as he is of his business ventures. He often refers to her as My Radha (90) as if to affirm his ownership. Simone de Beauvoir speaks about this masculine trait in The Second Sex: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Subordinated economically and socially to her husband, the good wife is the mans most precious treasure. She belongs to him so profoundly that she partakes the same essence as he; she has his name, his gods, and he is responsible for her. He calls her his better half. He takes pride in his wife as he does in his house, his lands, his flocks, and his wealth and sometimes even more; through her he displays his power before the world; she is his measure and his earthly portion. (207) Shyams idea of marriage is to keep a pretty wife, indulge in her wishful fancies and make her dependent on him. He does not want an assertive woman as a wife. Radha and Shyam are incompatible in many ways and Radha feels suffocated by her marriage. She compares herself to the butterfly which can be taken as a good example of repression. His arms pins me to the bed. His bed. I think that for Shyam, I am a possession. A much cherished possession. That is my role in his life. He doesnt want an equal; what he wants is a mistress. Someone to indulge and someone to indulge him with feminine wilesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I think of the butterfly I caught and pinned to a board when it was still alive, its wings spread so as to display the markings, oblivious that somewhere within, a little heart beat, yearning to fly. I am that butterfly now. (Mistress 87) Feminism voices the new womans demand to be treated as an equal human being, rather than a piece of furniture meant for the convenience of man. The repression of woman is expressed well in the novels of women writers in all its intensity. Shyam wanted to prove that he is the husband and he has complete right over his wifes body whether she welcomes the intrusion or not. Shyams perpetrate acts of sexual violence leaves a deep scar on Radha, where as, he is quite satisfied with what he has done without any remorse. He is blind in his pursuit and does not care for Radhas feelings. His only aim is to bring her under control by suppressing her desires and emotions. The key to happiness in marriage is the ability to endure and go on. But there are many marriages where women are dominated by their husbands and do not find freedom and space in their marital life. There is a new breed of women who is questioning the very institution of marriage and the double standards of judgment applied to women and men. Panduranga Rao rightly admires that, Given the limitations of tradition and its inhibitive influence one cannot but admire the guts of these women who have taken it upon themselves to question and question logically what comes to be accepted as a divine fiat in matters of man-woman relationship and related areas. (Ra0 75) For Shyam, Radha is his proud possession and the marriage between Shyam and Radha fails to be a marriage of minds or hearts. In place of an understanding and meaningful relationship that marriage can be, Shyam wants an unequal relationship that would make Radha his proud possession so the marriage between Shyam and Radha is not a marriage of minds or hearts. Radha has no expectations from the institutions of marriage. Shyam always does things to maintain his prestige. He says I am a survivor everyday and in every way. Im getting better and better (160). This attitude makes Radha uneasy. She is escorted everywhere and has little freedom to do anything on her own. All her desires and emotions were totally repressed. In her relationship with Shyam she feels, I think that for Shyam, I am a possession. A much cherished possession. That is my role in his life. He doesnt want an equal; what he wants is a mistress. Someone to indulge and someone to indulge him with feminine wiles. (Mistress 153) She is blamed always for being disorderly. She never arranged books in the shelf properly. There is a lack of meaningful communication between them which leads to a rift in their relationship. However, Shyam admires Radha in every way and loves her very much. Radha says Shyam likes to think of me prettying myself for him. He prefers a glossy, silly wife to a homely, practical one. Glossy, silly wives are malleable (Mistress 61). She is kept at home like a bird in the cage unable to exhibit her talents. When he prevents her from going to the match factory, a clash occurs again between them. Radha is also thwarted from taking tuitions in a primary school. Shyams domination over her prevents her from making a choice of her own. This kind of domination makes her feel suffocated and she asks him, Dont I have a right to a

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Personal Narrative- Eventful Thanksgiving Essay -- Personal Narrative

Personal Narrative- Eventful Thanksgiving The crisp, cool, and cinnamon air filled the morning of Thanksgiving in 1987. Although I was only two years and eleven months old, I remember the scratchy, fuzzy, purple- footed pajamas that I was wearing that morning. After I woke up, I "helped" my mom make her famous orange- cranberry relish, got dressed in my cream sweater dotted with cherries and my navy pleated skirt, topped off with my favorite cream fuzz- warn tights, and before I knew it we were out the door to my grandmother's house. After an early dinner with my grandparents, mom, and dad, my grandfather and dad left to catch the Dallas Cowboys Thanksgiving Day football game, leaving the rest of us to find entertainment of our own. Upon their departure, my mom began gathering dis...

Monday, November 11, 2019

Use Psychological Theories to Explain Aggressive Behaviour

Use Psychological theories to explain aggressive behaviour. Describe three method’s a coach might use to eliminate aggressive tendencies of performers and to encourage an active and healthy lifestyle. (6 Marks) Aggression is the attempt to harm outside the rules of the game. There are many different theories of how aggression is formed. Instinct theory was proposed by Freud and is the trait view of behavior and shows the drawbacks of this perspective, that behaviour is at all time predictable.It proposes that aggression is genetically inherited and that a violent trait lies within everyone. Freud called this innate characteristic the ‘death instinct’, which purpose is to seek aggressive destruction. Lorenze put foreward the idea that aggressive energy is constantly building and needs to be released. Bandura presented the social learning theory, which has the view that all behaviour is learnt. Aggression is not a genetically based innate characteristic but it nurtu red by the external environmental factors.So aggression can therefore be learned by watching and copying from role models and becomes an acceptable way to behave if it is reinforced. Aggression is likely to occur if it is part of the social and cultural norm of a group. The Frustration aggression hypothesis was proposed by Dollard, he proposed that frustration develops when goal-directed behaviour or need to achieve is blocked. The tendency towards frustration is increased when the pursued goal reflects ego or outcome orientation. Frustration occurs from environmental situations such as defeat, good opposition and poor officiating.This is a integrationist theory because frustration generated by the environment triggers the aggressive gene. If the aggressive act is successful, frustration is released and the aggressor feels good. This is known as a cathartic release. But if the aggression fails and results in punishment, further frustration is generated. The aggression cue hypothesis theory presents a second integrationist perspective and builds upon Dollard’s work. Berkowitz believed that frustration lead to an increase in arousal.However, he disagrees that frustration alone will always trigger aggression. He proposed that frustration creates a readiness for aggression, which is triggered when a provocative environmental cue is present. Aggressive cues such as perceived unfairness for example; biased officiators will trigger aggression in sport if arousal among participants is high. However, better players have the capacity to control frustration and arousal. A coach could introduce some cognitive strategies to lower psychological arousal such as counting to ten to regain composure.They could introduce somatic methods to eliminate aggression such as relaxation techniques and breathing techniques to calm down. The aggressive person could also be given a role of responsibility or shown that dysfunctional behaviour will be punished, for example in a match aggressive behaviour will not be tolerated and the player will be substituted. But also non-aggressive behaviour should be positively reinforced. Emphasis on non-aggressive role models will help to eliminate aggressive behaviour. The control of aggression positively promoted an active and healthy lifestyle.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Imigration From Mexico

Imigration From Mexico Free Online Research Papers Imigration is the process of moving away from your home country. Mexicans are well aware of the number of fellow citizens moving north. In August 2007 the El Paso Times reported that The United States is becoming more minority-dominated as the Hispanic population continues to grow through high birthrate and an immigration surge that experts say is changing the country’s cultural fabric. In statistics released, the U.S. Census Bureau estimates more than half of the population is considered a racial or ethnic minority. Mexicans working in the United States are a huge source of income for Mexico. In 2004 alone, Mexicans received over $16 billion in money sent over the border. These remittances are Mexico’s second largest source of foreign currency, after oil exports (â€Å"Mexico Warns U.S.†). Vicente Fox, who was Mexico’s president from 2000-2006, strongly opposed a stronger wall being built across the U.S.-Mexico border and had, stated that it will â€Å"fall like the Berlin Wall.† Fox claimed that the wall would only cause more immigrant deaths near the border. Mexico’s human rights commission has said that if the proposed wall passes the Congress, they will distribute 70,000 maps that show wall openings and nearby water sources in order to prevent deaths (â€Å"Mexico Warns U.S.†). In 2005 alone, 500 died along the border, and two Mexican migrants were recently shot and killed by U.S. forces (â€Å"Mexico Warns U.S.†). Unless a prison-style wall was constructed between the entire border of Mexico and the United States, a wall would be an ineffective way to control migration levels, because of Mexico’s plans to distribute maps and guides to cross through rough terrain. Even if an indestructible wall was built, migrants could always get to the United States by boat. Stopping illegal migration by force is an impossible task that will only result in more deaths and a negative relationship with Mexico. Legal Immigration There are three main reasons why immigration controls are in place. First, there are not enough jobs available for everyone who wants one. Second, immigrants can increase the burden of government-funded programs, such as education and health care; and thirdly, to ensure the safety of US citizens. Those who want to enter the United States legally are required to undergo a long and complicated process in order to gain citizenship. The problem is that the United States does not have unlimited spaces available. Currently, there are over 3.5 million qualified people waiting to receive visas. Sometimes, the wait can be decades long, especially for those without a family member living in the United States. Mark Krikorian, the director of the Center for Immigration Studies, says that an immigrant applying for a visa today can expect to wait 40 years. To accommodate the extreme demand for United States citizenship, the supply of available visas needs to be raised. This policy is not working and only forces people into illegal status. By 1997, only 15% of Mexican immigrants had become US citizens. The Immigration and Naturalization Service estimates that about 1/5 of immigrants were illegally living within the US. A visa is a document required to enter a country for a certain period of time. In the United States, there are several types of visas available. The most commonly used types are transit visas, tourist visas, business visas, student visas, and immigrant visas. A transit visa is valid for less than three days, and is usually only used for passing through a country to get to another. A tourist visa is allowed only for vacationing, and prohibits any business activity. A business visa allows engagement in commerce, and is valid for a longer period of time than a tourist visa. A student visa is issued for students who are attending a higher learning institution. An immigrant visa, or a green card, is issued to those who intend to permanently stay in the country. Immigrant visas are issued for a short period of time, and assume that the resident will be issued a permanent resident ID card at a later time (â€Å"US Immigration Policy†). Another way immigrants become US citizens is through a process called naturalization. Naturalization occurs after a person has resided in the US for over five years. They also must demonstrate proficient English skills through the written history exam and have no criminal record. Immigrants must go through a multi-step process to become a legal immigrant. First, USCIS (US Citizen and Immigration Services) must approve a petition for immigration, which is usually done by a relative of employer living within the United States. After the petition is approved, the immigrant must apply for an immigrant visa. If a visa is available, the person can apply for permanent resident status. Permanent resident status can be obtained if an immediate family member living in the US petitions on the immigrant’s behalf, if a US employer petitions on your behalf, if a visa is awarded through the â€Å"visa lottery† program, or if the person has resided in the United States since Jan 1, 1972. If the immigrant then passes an immigration test, which includes basic questions about US history and government, then they can become a legal US citizen. Illegal Immigration An illegal immigrant is a person who has either entered a country illegally or overstayed their legal available time. For Mexicans, the sheer number of people wanting to immigrate presents a challenge of moving legally. Currently, over 3.5 million qualified people are waiting to receive one of the available visas to immigrate into the US. Sometimes, especially for those lacking a family or employer to sponsor them, the wait can be decades long. This wait causes many to turn instead to illegal immigration. When an illegal immigrant is discovered, an apprehension is made, which is the act of capturing or arresting. This can result in a court date, deportation, or nothing at all. To make apprehensions along the 1,952 mile stretch of the US-Mexico border, officials usually request â€Å"voluntary deportation† of illegal immigrants. Voluntary deportation does not involve any transportation of illegal immigrants. It relies on the assumption that they will return to their homes, or attend their scheduled court dates. However, many of the people apprehended annually do not follow the directions of officials. In fact, three out of four illegal immigrants are not even caught Immigrants can be deported within the United States for two reasons. One, entering without inspection; or two, overstay of time in the United States. By 1996, the INS reported that 60% of immigrants entered illegally and 40% stayed illegally Because Mexico is so close, Mexican immigrants are inspected more thoroughly than immigrants from other countries. Mexicans only make up about half of the illegal immigrant population, 90% of those here illegally are from Mexico. (De Laet 54) Immigrants who are caught living within the United States are required to leave the country and wait 10 years before applying for a VISA. As with apprehensions, few immigrants are actually deported because the process is slow and costly. In the 1980s, court fees and manual deportation (driving or flying the person across the border) cost the government $35,000, which is more than a year of an Ivy League education Legal Immigration vs. Illegal Illegal immigrants can only receive Medicaid and limited food benefits. Because the government has no record of these people, they have little risk of federal detection. The benefits of legal immigration seem to strongly outweigh the disadvantages of it. Legal immigration allows benefits like social security, Medicare, Medicaid, welfare, food stamps, a minimum wage guarantee, and all rights guaranteed under the Constitution. The only drawback of legal immigration is tax payments. However, illegal immigrants are often paid lower wages â€Å"under the table,† which results in a lower gross income than the minimum wage with taxes. For a lower class immigrant, the amount required to pay in taxes is far less than the money they can receive in federal benefits. Many immigrants choose to enter the United States illegally before they can receive an available visa. Based on a New Immigrant Survey, which studied a sample of 1,134 immigrants who received permanent visas in 1996, 54% of them were living here illegally at an earlier date, either by crossing the US border (41%) or by overstaying their temporary visa (13%) (De Laet 34). This proves that over half of Mexican immigrants who became legal would rather wait through the process illegally in America than in Mexico. Living illegally in the United States presents a variety of problems. First, the only employers willing to hire an undocumented person usually pay below the minimum wage. Living off an income below the minimum wage, especially with dependents, almost always means poverty. In addition, there is always the risk of detection and deportation. Assimilation Many Mexican immigrants immigrate through a process called chain migration. Because this process allows large communities of immigrants to form, many hold on to the culture of Mexico and do not adapt to American culture. Assimilation, or a lack thereof, has caused much controversy within the United States. Some groups argue that America was built on immigration and cultural differences, while others believe that immigrants who do not learn the language and culture are actually deteriorating the culture of the United States. In order to become a legal US citizen, immigrants must prove an adequate proficiency in English through their US history exam. However, many are still more comfortable speaking their native language. To address concerns, several members of Congress have spoken about making English the official language of the United States. Currently, 23 states have adopted English as the state language. Arizona, which houses the third largest number of illegal immigrants, legally requires all government officials to speak English at all times in the workplace. Opponents of the law have called this a violation of the right to freedom of speech (â€Å"US Immigration Policy†). The poverty rate of foreign-born Americans is 70% higher than those born in the United States (De Laet 82). Because undocumented workers are usually not paid the minimum wage, they are often forced into poverty. The average migrant worker in the United States has an annual income of only $10,200. (De Laet 39) In conclusion, immigration has become a major problem in the United States. Living in El Paso I see this a lot on our news as well as in person. A big issue was that there were families crossing the border illegally just to gain access to social welfare here in the United States. Because of this, those who are legal citizens are getting their benefits lowered. This is a very controversial issue, and I too have mixed feelings about it. I think it’s good that these people want to come to America to have a better life and that they have somewhere to turn to for help. However, I don’t think it’s fair to those who live here and need help, to be turned down because there are so many more people needing help. Bibliography http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/05/content_5170147.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente_Fox De Wenden, Catherine Wihtol. (Spring 2007)A world without borders? (International migration). In Queens Quarterly, 114, p8(4). Retrieved August 10, 2007, from Expanded Academic ASAP via Thomson Gale: http://find.galegroup.com/itx/infomark.do?contentSet=IAC-Documentstype=retrievetabID=T002prodId=EAIMdocId=A164424500source=galeuserGroupName=nm_a_nmlascrversion=1.0 Meritz, D. (2007, August 10). Census Bureau: Minorities dominate 10% of U.S. counties, El Paso Times. americanprogress.org/issues/domestic/immigration?_kk=immigration%20policies_kt=d58ce4d1-7dde-4b0a-aa62-623a20b24e87 De Laet, D. (2000) U.S Immigration Policy in an age of rights, Greenwood Publishing Group Inc., Westport, CT nationalreview.com/comment/krikorian200401070923.asp uscis.gov/portal/site/uscis Research Papers on Imigration From MexicoThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyTwilight of the UAWMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductDefinition of Export Quotas

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Acupuncture as a nonconventional treatment for chronic neck pain Essays

Acupuncture as a nonconventional treatment for chronic neck pain Essays Acupuncture as a nonconventional treatment for chronic neck pain Essay Acupuncture as a nonconventional treatment for chronic neck pain Essay Essay Topic: Whiplash Acupuncture as a nonconventional intervention for chronic cervix hurting Introduction IntroductionNeck hurting has been classified as one of the commonest jobs among the people. This status arises from assorted upsets or it may arise from tissues located at the cervix ( Hush. et Al. . ( 2009 ) . The cervix is besides known as a cervical spinal column. The cervixs construction is characterized by vertebrae which run from the upper trunk to the skull’s base. The stableness of the spinal column is associated to ligaments and musculuss that run along the vertebrae ( National Institutes of Health. ( 2013 ) . A neck’s chief importance is its mobility and the support it accords to the caput. It is prone to hurts because it is non offered much protection like the remainder of the spinal column. Injuries usually cause less and restricted mobility and triggers NAIP. Unfortunately neck hurting are non accorded earnestness. most people treat the cervix hurting as impermanent. There are alone instances where the symptoms do non travel off and therefore diagnosing and corresponding intervention is required ( American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons ( 2013 ) . Researchers ( De Loose. V. . Burnotte. F. . Cagnie. B. . Stevens. V. . A ; Van Tiggelen. D. ( 2008 ) . have found out that the strivings are caused by several factors such as wear and tear. sprains and abnormalcies of the cervix tissue. There is grounds of cervix strivings originating from other strivings such as arm or shoulder strivings ( De free. 2008 ) . Normally activities such as utmost decompression sicknesss of the cervix. falls and vehicle accidents can do cervix hurts. In certain state of affairss harm of the cervix can damage the spinal column doing palsy. Research workers have besides found out that Spondylosis which occurs in people above the age of 40. adds strains to make out articulations making a way for chronic cervix hurting. But the status is treatable through both conventional and nonconventional methods. Research workers and physicians have identified stylostixis as a nonconventional intervention method which is a really effectual method for handling chronic cervix strivings. Researcher ( Blosssfeldt. 2004 ) . says that. stylostixis is deriving impulse as a popular nonconventional intervention method for chronic cervix hurting. He besides adds that. the method has been good tolerated and has low hazard of inauspicious effects. ( Liang et al. 2008 ) says that. a combination of both traditional and modern stylostixis technique normally result in a documented and improved cervix hurting forms. ( Blossfeldt. 2004 ) adds that stylostixis is widely accepted and it is utilized as a complementary therapy utile in cervix hurting direction arising from cervical spondylitis. Research workers have carried out surveies associating to acupuncture systematic reappraisal with an purpose to happen out on stylostixis effectivity. The surveies have found effectiveness grounds as inconclusive ( salter et Al. 2004 ) . There are surveies which have produced consequences which are positively favoring stylostixis and there are other consequences which have produced negative findings on the effectual of the method ( salter et Al. 2004 ) . Due to the varying consequences. this research was developed to happen out on the effectivity of stylostixis method as a non-conventional method in intervention of chronic cervix strivings in relation to other research findings. In regard to national wellness statistics and studies. Survey data analysis can be used by medical professionals to mensurate the hurting degrees of patients before and after stylostixis intervention. Gathering consequences from assorted surveies and comparing with the constructions of stylostixis and preventative steps of cervix strivings can assist us find on the effectivity of stylostixis as a intervention method. In this literature reexamine the research worker will reexamine on 1 ) how to set up the viability of stylostixis therapies in the intervention of chronic cervix hurting ; 2 ) apprehension of how assumed. shoal and randomised stylostixis therapies are utilized in the intervention of chronic cervix hurting ; 3 ) supply a conclusive grounds of the success of stylostixis as an ideal method of alleviating hurting ; 4 ) set up the effects of the three stylostixis therapies in the intervention of persons with chronic hurting of the cervix ; 5 ) offer recommendation of the viability of stylostixis as a intervention option that can be used by people with chronic cervix strivings. The research worker will besides compare the continuance of stylostixis intervention with other methods and besides the cost associated and hazard factors thereof. METHODOLOGYTarget PopulationThe research informations collected in this survey focused on patients enduring from chronic cervix hurting. The persons used in the research fell within the age of 21 and 55 old ages old. Although there are many patients who report about cervix hurting complaints in different wellness attention installations across the United States. patients withinthe ages of 21 and 55 old ages old were ideal for this research survey. This was due to the fact that they were easier to track their advancement of mending over a longer period of clip. Aged patients over the age of 55 old ages were non best placed in this research sing the assorted properties in the healing procedures of such people. which was proven to be comparatively lower. Most of the information aboutindividuals with chronic hurting of the cervix was indiscriminately collected in wellness attention installations in the State of California. United States. The bulk of these patients were diagnosed with chr onic cervix hurting and were put under a particular focal point while three stylostixis methods of therapies were performed ( Witt 2004. p. 99 ) . The survey by and large involved a thorough probe of 191 patients in California’s wellness attention. It is of import to admit that the assorted patients were intentionally initiated to acupuncture intervention as their determination to seek the alternate medical pattern after unsuccessful interventions in the mainstream medical processs. There were surely no restriction on the sex of the patients ; hence the research involved both male and female patients. Additionally. there was no specified figure of male or females in the survey. as patients. intervention and advancement of intervention of patients was indiscriminately taken. Further. it was assumed that both male and female patients presented similar responses to the different stylostixis therapies performed in the survey ( Sun et al. 2009. p. 850 ) . The research was non limited by either ethnicity or race. although believed to hold different features in respect to assorted medical processs. Variables of the studyThe dependant variables in this survey included the cervix hurting as an complaint caused by assorted facets such as physical hurt and disease or status among others. The rates of instances affecting chronic cervix strivings during the period of this survey were by and large unprecedented as the causes of such complaints greatly varied. Chronic cervix hurting among the patients varied in respect to the specific causes. which in this instance included degenerative phonograph record disease. neck hurt. cervix strain. herniated phonograph record every bit good as pinched cervix ( Sun et al. 2009. p. 850 ) . The first measure in the intervention process involved a thorough diagnosing of common cervix infections that caused the chronic hurting. The research exploits intervention of such cervix strivings utilizing stylostixis which falls into three classs including optimized stylostixis. shallow stylostixis and assumed stylostixis. Research LimitationsThe cardinal restrictions were based on cervix hurting due to common infection like virus infection of the cervix and lymph nope swelling. every bit good as other infections such as TB of the cervix. meningitis. and infection of spine castanetss around the cervix. It was hard in the survey since some of patients did non present themselves on the twenty-four hours of the survey. The survey besides used a big figure of patients which was a challenge for the research worker. The different patients involved in this survey had chronic cervix strivings attributed to highly different causes. which included physical hurts. some rare infections. and virus infections among others ( Witt 2004. p. 99 ) . The patients with this job are by and large taken through the three stylostixis therapies. regardless of the cause of their status ( Hush 2004. p. 1533 ) . The fact that all patients are uniformly taken into similar medical processs without being categorized in relation to th eir specific cause of chronic cervix hurting remain as the greatest restricting property of this research. Additionally. clip was a confining factor since the clip allowed for the research was non plenty to expeditiously undertake critically the aims of the survey. Research standards and Database usedIn this survey. the points were collected through seeking equal reviewed journal articles and hence. the research worker exhaustively searched in assorted databases for article that provided information for patients enduring from chronic cervix strivings. specifically those persons between the age of 21 and 55 old ages old. The research worker farther categorized the informations collected to organize two groups of patients of the age bracket of 21 and 34 old ages and those between 35 and 55 old ages old. The creative activity of these two groups was indispensable as taking a wider scope of people of ages 21 to 55 old ages old would show comparatively a higher divergence in the healing processes of the patients. as those above the age of 35 old ages present a much longer period of mending as compared to the vernal 21 to 34 old ages group. The research worker focused the hunt on SPORT Discus. Academic Search Premier. BMJ Research Articles and Gov. . database. Keywords used in the studyThe key footings the research worker normally used while seeking for the relevant articles included: Chronic cervix hurting. cervical hurting types of stylostixis. alternate medical specialty. Sham stylostixis. Shallow stylostixis and Randomized stylostixis. OVERVIEW OF ACUPUNCTURE PRACTICEPracticing stylostixis started many centuries ago as a type of medicine in China. It is the pattern of engrafting acerate leafs at certain points of the human tegument as a signifier of therapy. In stylostixis patterns. there is no engagement of drugs but merely the acerate leafs are adequate to carry through the therapy ( Liang et al. 8 ) . The pattern originated from China and has been noted to distribute all over west of Europe ( Liang et al. 8 ) . As argued by the theoretical account on Chinese medical specialty. the specific topographic points that the stylostixis acerate leafs are placed prevarications on the way named acmes where the dynamic energy goes through. hence leting its entree to command and modulate the flow of energy which is believed to be the cause of force instability ( Willich et Al. 2006. p. 98 ) . Populations and AcupunctureAcupuncture has been practiced in several parts globally. particularly in Europe even though it is in its origin phases in the United States. Harmonizing to NHI study done in the twelvemonth 2007 that besides considered the usage of CAM in America. where 1. 4 % of the respondents were found to be utilizing stylostixis before so. The 3. 1 million of the American population claimed they merely pattern it majorly for terrible megrim and insistent hurting. The survey showed that half of the respondents used stylostixis to handle chronic cervix hurting ( Sun et al. 2009. p. 850 ) . The pattern should evidently be regarded by doctors as an ideal intervention penchant due to the backup it has received from those persons who have used it in the intervention of chronic cervix hurting. Subsequently. the survey did non curtail the grownups establishing on their gender due to limited research. CHRONIC NECK PAINChronic cervix hurting is an complaint that is characterized by hurting in the cervix that lasts for an remarkably long period of clip. normally over a period of three months ( Blossfeldt. 2004 ) . Although different from the common medical conditions of cervix strivings that last for lone yearss. chronic cervix hurting is typically an complaint that takes even old ages without success in its intervention in the mainstream medical patterns ( Irnich. 2002 ) . Chronic cervix hurting is normally associated with a figure of upsets. every bit good as diseases that can affect any of the tissues around the cervix ( Witt 2004. p. 99 ) . For case. the common causes of this status are strains of the cervix. hurt of the cervix like a herniated phonograph record. pinched phonograph record. or whiplash. and degenerative phonograph record disease. In add-on. chronic cervix hurting is besides linked to common infection like virus infection of the cervix and lymph nope swelling. eve ry bit good as other infections such as TB of the cervix. meningitis. and infection of spine castanetss around the cervix. Some patients besides had chronic cervix strivings caused by highly different causes. which include physical hurts. some rare infections. and virus infections among others. Further. chronic cervix hurting is besides caused by certain infections like virus infection of the cervix and lymph nope swelling. every bit good as other infections such as TB of the cervix. meningitis. and infection of spine castanetss around the cervix. RISK FACTORS OF CHRONIC NECK PAINSChronic cervix hurting is by and large caused by legion factors runing from physical hurt to certain infections around the cervix organic structure tissues. Since cervix hurting affects the musculuss around the organic structure countries of the cervix. it becomes painful to travel the cervix ( De Loose. 2008. p. 475 ) . In order to avoid or to forestall cervix strivings for the patients. it is ever indispensable to see remaining off from activities may writhe the cervix and later aggravate the already painful subdivision of the cervix ( Witt 2004. p. 99 ) . Therisk factors for the hurting normally include hurt from engagement in activities like motor vehicle accidents. Equus caballus siting. contact athleticss and bull equitation among others. devolution of cervical phonograph record besides known as Spondylitis. neck dead set and writhing places ( De Loose. 2008. p. 475 ) . In add-on. it is besides advisable to hold activities that will heighten ce rvix beef uping exercising. every bit good as cervix brace. cut down Television watching use of safety belts in motor vehicles and traveling to the gym for exercising. TYPES OF ACUPUNCTURE USED IN CHRONIC NECK PAIN TREATMENTOptimized stylostixis therapyThe pattern of optimized stylostixis therapy involves the use of traditional stylostixis. which is normally followed by intradermic needle therapy. normally referred to as INT ( Hush 2004. p. 1533 ) . The usage of OAT normally consists of the usage of nine stylostixis points typically selected for an optimized stylostixis therapy group on the advice and consensus of the national adept commission of the OAT processs. In this instance. four points are later located by physician meaning to execute the OAT. The points selected are normally the cervical positive reactions planes found in the top and underside of the cervical planes every bit good as horizontally off from the corresponding cervical vertebra ( Witt 2004. p. 99 ) . The survey found that this type of stylostixis pattern is extremely sensitive and therefore the demand to be performed by an person with more than five of pattern experiences Sham stylostixis therapyThe pattern is put into usage merely as a tool for control in the scientific research in order to mensurate the efficiency of existent stylostixis in assorted disease intervention. This type of stylostixis involves the usage of tegument perforating shallow acerate leafs on the specified fake groups’ stamp points. The stamp points that are used in this method of stylostixis therapy are categorized as the cardinal countries recommended for the stylostixis. which are the Ah Shee. besides referred to as oh yes point . The points are important in this therapy and have to be used throughout the intervention process. Typically. the location of fake points is normally defined by 25mm sidelong widening to the standard location used for the OAT group. They include: the assumed point of Dazhui ( GV14 ) 25mm. which is 25 millimeter vertically below the usual criterion GV14. fake points of ( S115 ) Jianzhongshu and Huatuojiaji. which is 25 mm sidelong to standard S1 15 ( Liang et al. 8 ) . After the assumed stylostixis. persons undergoing the procedure or patients are treated through the usage of point pressure ( De Loose. 2008. p. 475 ) . The findings show that a patient does non detect whether it is assumed or existent stylostixis being used. The consequences showed that the fluctuation between existent and assumed patterns are caused by addiction or the control effects. If the existent stylostixis is efficient compared to the fake. so the addiction and control effects such as outlooks of the patient. behaviour and beliefs are present. Shallow stylostixis therapyShallow stylostixis group undergoes similar processs as the other OAT groups. However. the doctors are required to infix the acerate leafs in a perpendicular mode in order to make the hypodermic degree at a specified deepness of non more than 3 millimeter ( Salter et al. 2004 ) . Needle use or any other esthesis is prohibited in this peculiar group. Ultimately. after the shallow stylostixis. the patients are to boot treated by INT through the usage of a similar method as in the other OAT groups. It was found that the therapy do non to the full handle the hurting to the full due to its shallow incursion hence the demand for extra intervention that follow the same processs. It consequences to a more efficient intervention in comparing to other therapies though takes much clip ( Salter et al. 2004 ) . ACUPUNCTURE AS AN IDEAL METHOD COMPARED TO PHYSIOTHERAPYZhuang ( 2012 ) ; Robertshawe. ( 2008 ) . compares the usage of stylostixis and physical therapy in the intervention of chronic cervix hurting in a research that took topographic point in China. The research involved showing of a sum of 310 patients. The patients were so indiscriminately split into two equal groups. where one group was treated utilizing stylostixis method. while the other group received intervention through physical therapy. The result of the intervention of the two processs revealed that patients treated under stylostixis processs had better consequences in alleviating cervix hurting. peculiarly after a period of three months. It is indispensable to admit that physical therapy is an alternate medical pattern that can be used in the intervention of chronic cervix hurting. While stylostixis therapies by and large used sterilizes acerate leafs that are normally inserted in the country around the cervix depending o n the type of stylostixis used. physical therapy does non affect the usage of acerate leafs. Physiotherapy utilizes several types of use every bit good as exercising to alleviate hurting. The common illustration of the usage of physical therapy is the stretch. strengthen and unbend up exercising motions of the cervix ( Robertshawe. 2008 ; Willich. 2006 ) . Effects OF ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENTWhite. ( 2001 ) ; Ji-Eun. ( 2010 ) . researched about the inauspicious effects following a usage of stylostixis to handle patients with chronic cervix hurting. In his study. which included a prospective study of 32. 000 audiences with physical therapists and physicians. the research worker. Adrian White aimed at determining the incidence of inauspicious effects that are related to acupuncture intervention. as practiced by British physicians during that clip. The research utilised informations that were collected for the June of 1998 to February of 2000. from a sum of 78 acupuncturists. Altogether the resulting important effects were 43. later giving merely a rate of merely 14 patients of the 10. 000 patients included in the information. The consequences of this survey showed that merely 0. 14 per centum of the patients who used stylostixis in the intervention of chronic hurting experience inauspicious effects ( White. 2001 ) . All the inauspicious effe cts were reported to hold had cleared within the period of one hebdomad after the therapy. Similar decreasing effects were characterized at a longer period. except for merely one incident that lasted for several hebdomads. The consequence derived from the information of stylostixis intervention did non describe any serious inauspicious effects. The rates can merely be classified as minimum sing that it was merely 14 inauspicious effects out of the entire 10. 000 patients who were analyzed with the informations provided ( White. 2001 ; Ji-Eun. 2010 ) . By and large. these consequence rates do non give important hazard per single patient. Recommendation ON ACUPUNCTURE’S VIABILITYThe article by Chen. et Al. . ( 2010 ) . offers sole positions on stylostixis given by assorted doctors. The research by Chen among other writers who contributed to the article. there study marks roll uping information that addresses the function of stylostixis in the direction of hurting in respect to sentiments of doctors who manage such conditions. The research was conducted between 2007 and 2008 utilizing a countrywide electronic mail to 1083 doctors who were in active stylostixis pattern in the United States. Chan et Al. . ( 2010 ) found that the overpoweringly bulk of the respondents of the study had a positive attitude and favourable experience of the usage of stylostixis as an alternate mode in the direction of chronic hurting. The consequences of the study later indicate that stylostixis is considered effectual by doctors in the direction of chronic cervix hurting. CASE STUDIES: Acupuncture for patients with chronic cervix painWitt et Al. . ( 2006 ) undertook the survey in analyzing how effectual stylostixis as an alternate intervention for cervix hurting intervention in comparing to patients who used everyday medical attention. The survey used a random attack of more than 14000 persons aged above 18 enduring from cervix hurting symptoms within a period of 6 months. Besides took a non-acupuncture for 15 Sessionss within a period of 3 months. The stylostixis class were given injections without any other stylostixis intervention. The group which was controlled was non treated utilizing stylostixis but both groups could utilize any other manner of intervention. The survey found out that patients utilizing everyday attention and add on stylostixis intervention showed important betterments in both hurting and quality of their lives in comparing to patients who merely used everyday interventions. Therefore. the consequences concludes that stylostixis can be used aboard everyday interventions to accomplish optimum consequences. Efficacy and safety of acupunctureVas. et Al. ( 2006 ) conducted a survey to set up the effectivity of stylostixis vis a vis placebo. Both methods were to be utilized to handle chronic cervix strivings that were non complicated. ( N=123 ) patients. who were over the ages 17 and who possessed chronic cervix strivings for over 3 months were used. They were indiscriminately selected into 2 groups. the stylostixis group and placebo group. For 3 hebdomads. the stylostixis group was treated with 5 stylostixis interventions. The intervention features were. 30 proceedingss intervention followed by 10 proceedingss manual interventions. While the placebo group was subjected to transdermal nervus stimulation. which was characterized by 30 proceedingss of intervention and the potentiometer was being adjusted after every 10 proceedingss. The findings from this survey were that. stylostixis as a signifier of cervix intervention had minimum side effects. For overall effectivity. stylostixis was found to hold higher effectivity than placebo. Researchers once and for all said that. stylostixis was effectual. DISCUSSIONIn its wide context. this research has dwelled in covering all the related stuff on stylostixis and particularly its effectivity in intervention of stylostixis. Most are the surveies which have found considerable effectivity and a few surveies have found less important betterment in stylostixis usage. The research workers ( salter et al. 2006 ; Liang et Al 2012 ; Chen et al 2010 ; vas et al 2006 ) have favourably recognized stylostixis as an effectual non-conventional intervention method. From the reappraisal above. it is apparent that all the methods of stylostixis are effectual in intervention of chronic cervix strivings. Sham. optimisation and shallow stylostixis all have a capacity of effectivity when administered good. The assorted surveies by salter have provided solid practical grounds and information on patients’ wellness upon utilizing all the three types of stylostixis in intervention of patients and persons ( salter et al 2004 ) . For illustration in 2007. a national wellness interview study in America found that. 1. 4 % of respondents have used stylostixis to handle chronic cervix strivings. That per centum reported success. which is a testament to stylostixiss effectiveness ( National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 ) . ( Blossfeldt. 2004 ) in his research notes that. acupuncture optimized technique success rate was a favourable 68 % . Blossfeldt besides noted that. on short term footing. stylostixis was 78 % effectual. while on long term footing it was 49 % effectual. Salter besides found out on effectivity of stylostixis. The cervix hurting questionnaire that he used for a period of 3 months. found out that. of the 34 % of the patients who have cervix strivings. 14 % of these have efficaciously used stylostixis therapy ( salter et al 2004 ) another research worker Liang. who conducted surveies in China in association with other bookmans. they found out that optimized stylostixis as a method of handling chronic cervix strivings was really effectual. Although I extensively performed research on a broad scope of databases. there are some articles that may hold been missed out. Since I was separately carry oning this research entirely. it is possible that the big figure of important articles were later overlooked. In add-on. there are many external factors that could hold influenced the full consequence of the usage of stylostixis as an ideal intervention for chronic cervix hurting. The bulk of surveies somewhat differ in a figure of issues such as informations collected. population. or any of combinations of these factors. White ( 2001 ) exactly researched about the inauspicious events following a usage of stylostixis to handle patients with chronic cervix hurting. with an utmost figure of respondents. Chen. L. et Al. . ( 2010 ) . had a comparatively smaller figure of respondents. and besides had aggregation of informations to be collected merely through electronic mail in his research on the effectivity of stylostixis in the dire ction of chronic hurting in the cervix. These are some of the factors that were out of the range of the research. hence finding the effectivity of stylostixis was hard. since the facet of effectivity could easy be isolated from some external factors. The analysis of the specific information provided by the surveies of the literature reappraisal of this research paper indicates that either of the three methods of stylostixis can efficaciously handle the chronic cervix hurting. The procedural pattern of fake. shoal and optimized stylostixis. though different. they present similar manner of executing the stylostixis therapy. every bit offering effectual intervention for chronic cervix hurting. Liang et Al. ( 2012 ) asserts that the three types of stylostixis to be based on the idea that lessening or disaffection of hurting can be enhanced by let go ofing the chemicals responsible for barricading hurting. Issues of age in the survey have been considered as the research merely focused on persons between 21 old ages old and 55 old ages. as they are likely to hold a faster period of mending as compared to adult aged groups of more than 55 old ages old. By and large. the usage of stylostixis is illustrated every bit effectual as it has a ntecedently been used to handle patients with chronic cervix hurting. The loopholes evident in the research include the possibility of a anterior cognition in finding the differences that may emerge upon consideration for gender in the intervention plan. In the full survey. there is no individual account of the ratio of females against the males in happening out the effectivity of stylostixis intervention processs. The survey focused on a general position of patients with chronic cervix hurting regardless of their several sex or gender. The cognition of the differences that exist between males and females could hold some effects on the understanding the usage of stylostixis. In add-on. the paper did non concentrate on the causes of the assorted cervix hurting. which could besides compromise the consequences of the survey. sing that such programs are typically attributed to a broad assortment of causes. Subjects that can be considered for farther research are set uping the component of gender in finding the effectivity of stylostixis while handling chronic cervix job. The assorted surveies illustrated in the research paper did non indicate out the importance of understanding differences in the healing procedure of male and female patients with chronic cervix hurting. I suggest a survey be conducted with a major accent on the facet of gender differences between patients in order to find the effectivity of stylostixis intervention for cervix hurting in male and female patients. If this survey is conducted. it will be possible to compare the effectivity of stylostixis intervention between male and female patients within the same wellness status of chronic cervix hurting. Mentions Blossfeldt. P. ( 2004 ) . Acupuncture for Chronic cervix hurting: a cohort survey in an NHS hurting Clinic. 22 ( 3 ) : 146-151. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ncbi. nlm. National Institutes of Health. gov/pubmed/15551941Chen. L. . Houghton. M. . Seefeld. L. . Malarick. C. A ; Mao. Jianren. ( 2010 ) . A Survey of SelectedPhysician Positions on Acupuncture in Pain Management. 11 ( 4 ) . 530-534 Salter. G. C. Roman. M. . Bland. M. J A ; MacPherson. H. ( 2006 ) . Acupuncture for chronic hurting: apilot for randomized controlled test. 7 ( 1 ) : 3-14. Retrieved fromhttp: //www. biomedcentral. com/1471-2474/7/99 Liang. Z. H. . Di. Z. . Jiang. S. . Xu. S. J. . Zhu. X. P. . Fu. W. . A ; Lu. A. P. ( 2012 ) . 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